FOREST LAND DEGRADATION:
A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
- Forest Basics -
- Forest Inventories -
- Degradation Data -
- Economics -
- Politics -
- Law -
- History -
Edition 6, July 2007
Bruce Sundquist
bsundquist1@windstream.net
The Alltel phone
company has been partially bought out by the Windstream phone
company.
So the URL of this website is now http://home.windstream.net/bsu
ndquist1
The prior URL was http://home.alltel.net/bsundquist1
Key Words:
African forests, Amazon rainforest, Asian forests, Australian
forests, boreal forests, Canadian forests, Central American forests, chip
mills, coniferous forests, deciduous forests, deforestation, European
forests, firewood, forest degradation, forest fires, forest growth, forest
inventory, forest plantations, fuelwood, hardwood forests, Latin American
forests, miracle trees, North American forests, paper consumption, pulpwood,
rainforests, rainforest destruction, reforestation, roundwood production,
Siberian forests, softwood forests, sustainable yield, temperate forests,
temperate rainforests, tropical forests, timber supplies, wood exports, wood
imports, wood prices.
Previous Editions: Ed.1 8/96 - Ed. 2 6/98 - Ed. 3 7/00 -Ed. 4 10/03 - Ed. 5 5/05 -
Note 1: Throughout this document, the notation (la) means that
the corresponding information has been copied to a Land/ Aquatic-Area data
file.
Note 2: If the system of units used in this document (normally
metric) confuses you, see Chapter (7) Section (7-A).
(1) ~ FOREST DEGRADATION OVERVIEW ~ [A] Tropical Deforestation via Shifting Cultivation, [B] Tropical Deforestation via Permanent Cultivation, [C] Tropical Deforestation via Grazing, [D] Tropical Deforestation via Urbanization, [E] Temperate Deforestation, [F] Sustainable-Yield on Tropical Forests, [G] Sustainable Yield on Temperate Forests, [H] Comparison of Wood Consumption to Sustainable Yield,
(2) ~
FOREST BASICS ~(2-C) ~
Effects of Diseases, Insects, Pollution, Grazing ~ [C1] Insects and Disease, [C2] Pollution, [C3] Cattle Grazing,(3) ~ INVENTORY OF FOREST RESOURCES
~
(3-A) ~ Global Inventory ~ [A1]
General, [A2] Frontier Forests, [A3] Inventory Decrements, [A4] Plantations,
[A5]~Biomass Inventory and NPP Data, [A6] WRI Table, [A7] Softwood Forests,
[A8] Temperate Rainforest, [A9] Tropical Rainforest, [A10]~Protected
Forests, [A11]~Developing Countries, [A12] Boreal Forests, [A13] Mangrove
Forests, [A14] Bamboo Forests, [A15]~Growing Stock,
(3-B) ~ Asia ~ [B1] General,
[B2] Middle East, [B3] Asian Sub-Continent, [B4] Southeast Asia, [B5] Far
East, [B6]~Central Asia,
(3-C) ~ Africa ~ [C1]
General, [C2] North Africa, [C3] West Africa, [C4] East Africa, [C5]
Southern Africa, [C6] Sahel, [C7]~Central Africa,
(3-D) ~ North America ~ [D1]
Alaska, [D2] Canada, [D3] United States, [D4] US - Western, [D5]
US -Eastern, [D6]~Long-leafed Pine, [D7]~Pinyon-Juniper, [D8] Rocky
Mountains, [D9] Southeastern US,
(3-E) ~ South and Central America
~
[E1] Latin America, [E2] Central America, [E3] Tropical Andes Mountains,
[E4]~Amazon Basin, [E5]~Brazil, [E6] South America,
(3-F) ~ Europe, Australia and
Oceania
~ [F1] Europe in General, [F2] Southern Europe, [F3] Northern Europe,
[F4] Australia, [F5]~Oceania, [F6]~New Zealand,
(4) ~ DEGRADATION DATA ~
(4-A) ~ Global Overview ~
(4-A-a) ~ General
~ [Aa1] Cumulative Deforestation, [Aa2] Deforestation in the 1970s and
before, [Aa3] Deforestation in the 1980s, [Aa4]~Deforestation in the 1990s,
[Aa5] Montane Watersheds, [Aa6] Temperate Rainforests, [Aa7] Mangrove
Forests, [Aa8]~Plantations,
(4-A-b) ~ Shifting Cultivation
~ [Ab1] Global, [Ab2] Africa, [Ab3] Asia, [Ab4] Asian Sub-Continent,
[Ab6] Latin America (+Brazil), [Ab7]~Less-Developed Countries (LCDs), [Ab8]
Southeast Asia,
(4-A-c) ~ Conversion to Grazing Lands,
Croplands and Aquaculture
~ [Ac1] Global, [Ac2] Africa, [Ac3] South America, [Ac4]~Central
America, [Ac5] Southeast Asia, [Ac6] Latin America, [Ac7] Oceania, [Ac8]
Scotland, [Ac9] US,
(4-A-d) ~ Firewood- and Charcoal
Production
~ [Ad1] Global, [Ad2] Tropical Nations, [Ad3] Africa, [Ad4] Asian
Sub-Continent, [Ad5]~South America, [Ad6] Far East, [Ad7]~US,
(4-A-e) ~ Urbanization
- [Ae1] Global, [Ae2] Africa, [Ae3] Asia, [Ae4] Latin America,
[Ae5]~North America,
(4-B) ~ Asia
~ [B1] Brief Summary, [B2] Asian Sub-Continent, [B3] Southeast Asia,
[B4] Soviet Union (former),
(4-C) ~ Africa
~ [C1] Summary, [C2] Eastern Africa, [C3] Southern Africa, [C4] West
Africa, [C5] Central Africa,
(4-D) ~ North America ~ [D1]
Alaska, [D2] California, [D3] Canada, [D4] Long-leafed Pine, [D5] Midwestern
US, [D6] Pinion Juniper, [D7] Pacific Northwest US, [D8] Riparian
Habitats-W.US, [D9] US, [D10] Northeastern US, [D11] Southern US,
(4-E) ~ South- and Central
America ~
[E1] Summary Table, [E2] Amazon Basin, [E3] Northern South America,
[E4]~Andean Mountain Region, [E5] Brazil, [E6]~Central America, [E7]
Caribbean, [E8] Mexico, [E9] Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay,
(4-F) ~
(5) ~ FOREST ECONOMICS ~
(5-A) ~ Economics-General
~
[A1] Global (Prices, fuel-wood economics, high-yield forestry,
Reservoir-Siltation Costs, Energy Costs of Basic Materials),
[A2]~Alternative uses of Rain-forest, [A3] Jobs-Related Issues, [A4] Wasting
Wood, [A5] South America, [A6] Canada, [A7]~Europe, [A8]~Asian
Sub-Continent, [A9] Southeast Asia, [A10] Oceania, [A11] US, [A12]
Plantations, [A13] Non-Wood Forest Products,
(5-B) ~ Production and Consumption
~
[B1] Global -([1a] Roundwood, [1b] Pulp and Paper, [1c] Fuel-wood/ charcoal,
[1d]~Plantations), [B2] Africa-Fuelwood, [B3] Southeast Asia, [B4] Canada,
[B5] South America, [B6] Far East, [B7]~Developing Countries, [B8]~Asian
Sub-Continent, [B9] Central Asia, [B10] Pacific NW, [B11] US - Eastern,
[B12] US - Southern, [B13]~US - All, [B14]~Developed Countries,
(5-C) ~
(6) ~ FOREST POLITICS, LAWS AND
HISTORY
~
(6-A) ~ Politics, General ~ [A1]
Global, [A2] Alaska, [A3] Canada, [A4] Latin America, [A5] Southeast Asia,
[A6] US,
(6-B) ~ Politics-Subsidies
~ [B1] General, [B2] Alaska, [B3] Amazon Basin, [B4] Canada, [B5] South
America, [B6] Europe, [B7]~Southeast Asia, [B8] US, [B9]~Soviet Union
(former),
(6-C) ~ Forest Law ~
[C1] Africa, [C2] Asian Sub-Continent, [C3] Southeast Asia, [C4] Oceania,
[C5] US, [C6]~South America
(6-D) ~ History
~ [D1] Global, [D2] Africa, [D3] China, [D4] Easter Island, [D5]
Europe, [D6] Latin America, [D7]~Asian Sub-Continent, [D8]~Middle East, [D9]
North America,
(6-E) ~ Illegal/ Corrupt
Practices
~ [E1] Global, [E2] Developing World, [E3] South America, [E4] Southeast
Asia, [E5]~Africa, [E6]~Asian Sub-Continent, [E7]~Oceania, [E8] US, [E9]
Russia,
(7) ~ APPENDICES ~
(7-A) ~ Units Conversions - Precise
~ [A1] Lengths, [A2] Areas, [A3] Weights, [A4] Volumes,
(7-B) ~ Units Conversions -
Imprecise
~ [B5] logs to lumber, [B6] Wood to Charcoal, [B7] Wood to Energy, [B8]
Paper to Paper (recycling), [B9]~Wood to Paper, [B10] Water to Paper, [B11]
Biomass to Carbon,
(7-C) ~ Densities
~
(7-D) ~ Definitions
~
(7-E) ~ Information Sources and
Organizations on Forest Land Degradation
~
(7-F) ~ Databases ~
(8) - REFERENCES - [A] Before 1980, [B] 1980 - 1982, [C] 1983 - 1985, [D] 1986 - 1988, [E] 1989 - 1991, [F] 1992 - 1994, [G]~1995 - 1997, [H] 1998 - 2000, [I] 2001 -2003, [J] 2004 - 2006, [K] 2007-2009,
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